The best treatment time for type 1 diabetes.

Now I will explain to you about the optimal treatment time for type 1 diabetes. I am glad to be able to help you. Let's begin. Can type 1 diabetes be cured? Are there any methods? No, it cannot be cured. Type 1 diabetes, also known as juvenile-onset diabetes, primarily occurs before the age of 35. In individuals with type 1 diabetes, the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin are completely damaged, resulting in a complete loss of insulin production function. If individuals with type 1 diabetes can adhere to proper insulin usage, they can live a normal life.

Causes of type 1 diabetes: Type 1 diabetes, also known as insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or juvenile diabetes, is prone to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and often occurs before the age of 35, accounting for less than 10% of diabetes cases. Type 1 diabetes is caused by the complete damage of the pancreatic cells responsible for insulin production in the body, resulting in a complete loss of insulin production function. In the absence of insulin in the body, blood sugar levels continue to rise, leading to the development of diabetes.

How is type 1 diabetes caused? 1. Autoimmune system defect: Multiple autoimmune antibodies can be found in the blood of type 1 diabetes patients, such as glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GAD antibodies), islet cell antibodies (ICA antibodies), etc. These abnormal autoimmune antibodies can damage the beta cells that secrete insulin in the pancreas, preventing them from secreting insulin normally.

2. Genetic Factors: Current research suggests that genetic defects are the basis for the onset of type 1 diabetes, and these genetic defects manifest as hla antigen abnormalities on the sixth pair of human chromosomes. Scientists' research suggests that type 1 diabetes has a familial predisposition - if your parents have diabetes, you are more likely to develop this disease compared to individuals without a family history of it.

3. Virus infection may be a trigger: You may be surprised to know that many scientists suspect viruses can also cause type 1 diabetes. This is because individuals with type 1 diabetes often experience viral infections before the onset of the disease, and the "epidemic" of type 1 diabetes often occurs after a viral outbreak. Viruses such as those causing mumps and rubella, as well as the Coxsackie virus family which can cause poliomyelitis, can play a role in type 1 diabetes.

4. Other factors: such as milk, oxygen free radicals, some rat poisons, etc., whether these factors can cause diabetes is currently being studied by scientists. 1. Polyuria It is due to high blood sugar, exceeding the renal glucose threshold (8.89-10.0 mmol/L). Glucose filtered out by the glomerulus cannot be completely reabsorbed by the renal tubules, leading to osmotic diuresis. The higher the blood sugar, the more sugar is excreted in the urine, and the greater the urine volume, which can reach 5000-10000 ml in 24 hours. However, in elderly people and those with kidney diseases, the renal glucose threshold is increased and there may be impaired urinary sugar excretion, so polyuria may not be obvious when blood sugar is only mildly elevated.

2. Polydipsia Mainly due to high blood glucose levels causing a significant increase in plasma osmotic pressure, combined with excessive urination and loss of water, cellular dehydration occurs, further exacerbating high blood glucose levels and causing a further increase in plasma osmotic pressure. This stimulates the thirst center, leading to thirst and excessive drinking. Excessive drinking further aggravates polyuria.

3. Polyphagia The mechanism of polyphagia is not entirely clear. Most scholars believe it is due to a decrease in glucose utilization rate (the difference in glucose concentration between arterial and venous blood before and after entering and leaving tissue cells). When fasting, the difference in glucose concentration between arterial and venous blood in normal individuals decreases, stimulating the feeding center and producing hunger. After eating, blood glucose levels increase, and the difference in concentration between arterial and venous blood increases (greater than 0.829 mmol/L), inhibiting the feeding center and stimulating the satiety center, eliminating the need for further eating. However, in diabetic patients, due to an absolute or relative lack of insulin or insulin resistance in tissues, the ability of tissues to uptake and utilize glucose decreases. Although blood glucose levels are high, the difference in glucose concentration between arterial and venous blood is very small, and tissue cells are actually in a "starvation state", stimulating the feeding center and causing hunger and excessive eating. In addition, the body cannot fully utilize glucose, resulting in a large amount of glucose being excreted in the urine. Therefore, the body is actually in a state of semi-starvation, and energy deficiency also leads to increased appetite.

4. Weight loss: Despite having normal or even increased appetite and food intake, patients with diabetes experience weight loss mainly due to absolute or relative insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. The body cannot fully utilize glucose to produce energy, leading to increased breakdown of fats and proteins, excessive consumption, negative nitrogen balance, gradual weight loss, and even emaciation. Once diabetes is properly treated and well-controlled, weight loss can be controlled and even reversed. However, if diabetic patients continue to experience ongoing weight loss or significant emaciation during treatment, it suggests poor metabolic control or the presence of other chronic wasting diseases.

5. Fatigue is also common in diabetic patients. This is because glucose cannot be completely oxidized, meaning that the body cannot fully utilize glucose and release energy effectively. At the same time, there is dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, negative nitrogen balance, etc., which leads to a feeling of overall fatigue and mental decline.

6. Decreased vision: Many diabetic patients complain of decreased or blurred vision in the early stages of diagnosis. This is mainly due to high blood sugar causing changes in the osmotic pressure of the lens, resulting in changes in lens refractive power. In the early stages, these changes are usually functional, and once blood sugar is well controlled, vision can quickly return to normal.

Type 1 diabetes is the same as type 2 diabetes, where high blood sugar itself is not scary, but what is scary is the complications. 1. Type 1 diabetes can cause low blood sugar. Some individuals with type 1 diabetes may experience hypoglycemic reactions, which is also a type 1 diabetes complication. Mild hypoglycemia may present with symptoms such as palpitations, tremors, hunger, and cold sweats. Severe cases can lead to coma or even death.

2. Ketosis acidosis. Ketosis acidosis is characterized by significantly elevated blood sugar, presence of ketones in urine, acidosis in blood gas, and severe cases may lead to coma. Failure to provide timely rescue treatment can be life-threatening. 3. Some chronic complications include diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy, diabetic foot, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and cerebrovascular disease in diabetes.

(1) Neuropathy: In a state of high blood sugar, nerve cells and nerve fibers are prone to damage. Clinical manifestations include spontaneous pain, numbness, and decreased sensation in the limbs. Some patients may experience local muscle weakness and muscle atrophy. Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system may present as diarrhea, constipation, urinary retention, and erectile dysfunction.

(2) Cardiac complications: The chances of diabetic patients developing coronary heart disease are 2-3 times higher than non-diabetic patients. Common complications include cardiac enlargement, heart failure, arrhythmia, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction. (3) Diabetic foot: Diabetic patients experience foot pain, ulcers, and gangrene at the extremities due to peripheral neuropathy, inadequate blood supply to the lower limbs, and bacterial infections. These conditions are collectively referred to as diabetic foot.

(4) Diabetic nephropathy: Also known as diabetic glomerulosclerosis, it is a common and difficult-to-treat microvascular complication of diabetes and is one of the main causes of death in diabetic patients. (5) Ocular Lesions: In patients with diabetes for more than 10 years, most individuals experience varying degrees of retinal lesions. Common lesions include iritis, glaucoma, and cataracts.

Type 1 diabetes patients are unable to produce insulin on their own and therefore require lifelong external insulin treatment. Type 1 diabetes has always been described as an autoimmune disease - the body's immune system attacks the islet cells in the pancreas and eventually destroys their ability to produce insulin. Without insulin, the body cannot convert glucose into energy, so type 1 diabetes patients must inject insulin to survive.

1. Insulin Treatment Insulin can be divided into short-acting insulin (RI), intermediate-acting protamine insulin (NPH), and long-acting fish protamine insulin (PZI) based on different types and durations of action. (1) Treatment with mixed insulin (RI/NPH): Can be injected twice a day, with 2/3 of the total dose before breakfast and 1/3 before dinner. Generally, the ratio of RI to NPH should not exceed 1:3. Those with good residual beta cell function can use a ratio of 30:70, and those with a ratio of 50:50 usually have better effects. Short-acting insulin is drawn first, followed by intermediate-acting insulin. For those using mixed insulin treatment, if the blood sugar before lunch is often ≥11.2 mmol/L, a small amount of RI (2-4U) can be added before lunch.

Mix therapy with short-acting and long-acting insulin (RI/PZI): It is less commonly used in pediatric applications and is generally used for patients with a longer duration of illness, higher insulin dosage requirements, and the need for a basal insulin supply. It can be added to RI injections 3-4 times a day, with PZI mixed injections before breakfast or dinner. The ratio of the two should be individually adjusted based on the specific condition of the patient. Generally, the recommended ratio is RI:PZI ≥ 4:10.

(2) Dosage adjustment: Adjust the insulin dosage according to the blood sugar (fasting, 2 hours after breakfast, 2 hours after lunch, 2 hours after dinner, and before bedtime) and urine sugar test results as needed. Adjustment of RI: - Dosage before breakfast: Adjust based on the urine sugar test results from the first paragraph and the urine sugar test results before lunch.

- Dosage before lunch: Adjust based on the urine sugar test results from the second paragraph and the urine sugar test results before dinner. - Dosage before dinner: Adjust based on the urine sugar test results from the third paragraph and the urine sugar test results before bedtime. - Dosage before bedtime: Adjust based on the urine sugar test results from the fourth paragraph and the urine sugar test results before breakfast the next day.

Adjustments of short- and intermediate-acting insulin mixed therapy: Adjustments for pre-breakfast regular insulin (RI) and pre-dinner RI: Same adjustment method as mentioned above for RI, adjust pre-breakfast NPH according to the urine in the second paragraph and adjust pre-dinner NPH according to the urine in the fourth paragraph.

(3) Injection sites: Preferred sites include the outer side of both upper arms, outer side of thighs, and abdominal wall. Injections should be rotated in a sequential manner, with a 2cm distance between each injection. This is to prevent fibrosis or atrophy of the subcutaneous tissue from long-term injections in the same site.

2. Dietary Plan The principle of the dietary plan for children with diabetes is to meet their growth and daily activity needs. Appropriate restrictions and flexible management should be based on the child's family's dietary habits. It is recommended to consume enough vegetables or foods that are high in fiber daily. The calorie distribution for each meal should be relatively fixed, with breakfast accounting for 1/5 and lunch and dinner each accounting for 2/5. A small amount of snack should be included between meals, and meals should be consumed on time and in proper portions. If meals cannot be consumed on time, insulin or meal quantity should be adjusted based on pre-meal blood glucose levels.

3. Exercise therapy: In the initial stage of diagnosis, diabetic children must have well-controlled blood sugar levels. According to their age and exercise ability, appropriate exercises should be arranged and performed at regular intervals every day. During exercise, insulin dosage and diet should be adjusted or a pre-meal snack should be consumed to prevent hypoglycemia. No exercise should be performed when ketosis acidosis occurs.

4. Education and psychological therapy for children with diabetes should be integrated throughout the entire process of diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, providing children with knowledge about diabetes and psychological education. 1. Age: Type 1 diabetes mostly occurs in individuals under the age of 35, with the majority of adolescents and children under 20 years old being diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Only a very small number of cases are exceptions. Type 2 diabetes mostly affects middle-aged and elderly individuals over the age of 35, with very few cases of type 1 diabetes occurring in individuals over 50 years old. In summary, the younger the patient, the more likely they are to have type 1 diabetes, while the older the patient, the more likely they are to have type 2 diabetes.

2. Weight at onset: Most individuals who are significantly overweight or obese at the onset of diabetes are likely to have type 2 diabetes. The more severe the obesity, the higher the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. People with type 1 diabetes often have normal or low body weight before the onset of the disease.

3. Clinical symptoms: Individuals with type 1 diabetes typically experience noticeable clinical symptoms such as excessive thirst, frequent urination, and increased appetite, known as the "three polys." On the other hand, individuals with type 2 diabetes often do not exhibit typical "three polys" symptoms. Due to the lack of obvious clinical symptoms, it is often difficult to determine the onset of type 2 diabetes, and some individuals only discover their diabetes after undergoing blood sugar tests. People with type 1 diabetes, on the other hand, can often accurately identify the time of onset due to the more pronounced clinical symptoms.

4. Acute and Chronic Complications: Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes can develop various acute and chronic complications, but there are some differences in the types of complications. In terms of acute complications, type 1 diabetes is more prone to develop diabetic ketoacidosis, while type 2 diabetes is less likely to develop diabetic ketoacidosis but is more prone to non-ketotic hyperosmolar coma in older individuals.

In terms of chronic complications, type 1 diabetes is more prone to develop diabetic retinopathy, kidney disease, and neuropathy, but it is less common to develop cardiovascular, cerebral, renal, or peripheral arterial atherosclerotic lesions. On the other hand, type 2 diabetes, in addition to developing the same diabetic retinopathy, kidney disease, and neuropathy as type 1 diabetes, has a higher incidence of cardiovascular, cerebral, and renal arterial atherosclerotic lesions, and is commonly associated with hypertension.

Therefore, the chances of Type 2 diabetes patients developing coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular accidents are much higher than those of Type 1 diabetes patients, which is a very obvious difference. 5. Clinical treatment: Only insulin injections can control high blood sugar and stabilize the condition in Type 1 diabetes. Oral hypoglycemic drugs are generally ineffective. Type 2 diabetes can achieve certain results through reasonable diet control and appropriate oral hypoglycemic drug treatment. However, when oral hypoglycemic drug treatment fails, pancreatic B-cell function tends to decline, or severe acute and chronic complications occur, insulin therapy is also indicated.

How to treat diabetes? Diabetes is generally treated with medication, including sulfonylureas, metformin, α-glucosidase inhibitors, insulin sensitisers, and gliptins. However, the treatment for type 1 and type 2 diabetes is different. Type 1 diabetes requires insulin therapy, while type 2 diabetes initially involves oral hypoglycemic drugs. If these drugs are ineffective, combination therapy may be used.

Hello, type 1 diabetes is caused by an absolute lack of insulin secretion from the pancreas and requires insulin treatment. Currently, there is no successful method in medicine to cure diabetes, so it is not advisable to easily believe in advertisements claiming to cure diabetes. It is recommended to go to a reputable hospital and follow the doctor's guidance to use medication based on the specific condition, maintain stable blood sugar levels, and prevent the occurrence of chronic complications. At the same time, pay attention to controlling diet, engage in physical exercise, maintain a positive mindset, and regularly check blood sugar levels.

Hello, it is difficult for general medications to cure diabetes, and insulin injections can only temporarily control it. Long-term use has certain side effects. It is recommended to use traditional Chinese medicine in combination. The combination of medication and traditional Chinese medicine can repair pancreatic function, regulate metabolic balance, eliminate and alleviate various complications, and has the possibility of blocking inheritance and preventing recurrence. Traditional Chinese medicine has achieved the four unified standards recognized by traditional Chinese medicine clinics in the recovery of diabetes: "significant effect, thorough treatment, no recurrence, and no toxic side effects." Hope for a speedy recovery through correct treatment!

The above are all the key points of the best treatment time for type 1 diabetes explained in this article, hoping to be helpful to you.